☰
- 5.0
- Formatives, Part III
This chapter will cover advanced word and sentence formations in Ithkuil.
- 5.1
- Slots II & IV: Version + Function + Context
Version, Function, and Context are additional grammatical categories that affect the overall interpretation of the root-stem.
=
- 5.1.1
- Version
Version indicates whether a process is oriented towards a final end–state or not. Though it is mostly used on verbs, it may be used on nouns as well.
- Alkšnelá
- (PROCESSUAL).S1-“snack”-CSV-OBS
Eat a snack
- Älkšnelá
- COMPLETIVE.S1-“snack”-CSV-OBS
Eat up (i.e., eat to finish) a snack
If the reader wishes to indicate whether a Completive process succeeded in reaching the desired end-state or not, then the SCS/4 and SCS/8 affixes may be used.
- Erţtalá
- (PROCESSUAL).S2-“practice”-OBS
- angwalu
- S1-“worm”-IND
- egžgrava.
- S2-“kickboxing”-N-THM
The worm practices kickboxing.
- Irţtalüdá
- COMPLETIVE.S2-“practice”-SCS1/8:'succeed'-OBS
- angwalu
- S1-“worm”-IND
- egžgrava.
- S2-“kickboxing”-N-THM
The worm masters kickboxing.
The Transformative case may be used to identify the specific end-state the process is oriented towards:
- Äţdrelidolfá
- COMPLETIVE.S1-“drink.beer”-SCS1/4:'fail'-LCK1/7:'luckily'-OBS
- ammalecu
- S1-“parent”-GID1/3:'male'-IND
- mratļaö.
- S1-“death”-RPV-TRM
Father fortunately fails to drink himself to death.
=
- 5.1.2
- Function
=
- 5.1.3
- Context
=
- 5.1.4
- Slots II & IV Morphology
- 5.2
- Slot VIII: Phase + Effect + Valence + Level + Aspect + Mood
=
- 5.2.1
- Phase
=
- 5.2.2
- Effect
=
- 5.2.3
- Valence
=
- 5.2.4
- Level
=
- 5.2.5
- Aspect
=
- 5.2.6
- Mood
=
- 5.2.7
- Slots II & IV Morphology
- 5.3
- Slots V & VII: Grammatical Affixes
Certain affixes in Ithkuil convey individual grammatical categories, which are Negation, Sanction, and Modality.
=
- 5.3.1
- Negation
=
- 5.3.2
- Sanction
=
- 5.3.3
- Modality
- 5.4
- Slot I: Concatenation
=
- 5.4.1
- Methodology
=
- 5.4.2
- Slot I Morphology
- 5.5
- Syntax
=
- 5.5.1
- Pragmatic Roles
=
- 5.5.2
- Syntactic Guidelines